This is a must-read opinion about the trial penalty and why so few cases go to trial. He explains why the acceptance provision in the Guidelines, 3E1.1(b), is an unconstitutional penalty imposed on a defendant for exercising his constitutional right to trial.
Judge Rakoff promises defendants that if they proceed to trial, they will not receive a higher sentence than if they plead guilty. That's how our system should work, of course. But it's still pretty amazing that he does this in an effort to eliminate the trial penalty.
I got to know Judge Rakoff a bit when I interviewed him for the podcast a few years ago. He's a unique and impressive guy.