SCOTUS decides jury instruction issue

What happens when the jury is instructed on a higher level of proof than is required by the law?  Does the prosecutor need to meet that higher burden or not?  Justice Thomas, for a unanimous Court, said the prosecution does not need to meet the higher standard, even though the jury instructions so stated.  From Law360:

The U.S. Supreme Court held Monday that a shipping executive sentenced to five years in prison for hacking his former employer can’t parlay erroneous jury instructions into an acquittal, rejecting his claim that those instructions meant the federal government had to meet a higher burden of proof than required by law.

In a unanimous decision, the high court rejected former Exel Transportation Services Inc. CEO Michael Musacchio’s claim that prosecutors had to abide by the incorrect instructions, which stated that a guilty verdict rested on two prongs of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act rather than just one.

U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas wrote the opinion, which held that the executive had to held accountable to the letter of the law, not faulty instructions.

“The government’s failure to introduce evidence of an additional element does not implicate these principles, and its failure to object to a heightened jury instruction does not affect sufficiency review,” the court said. “Because Musacchio does not dispute that he was properly charged with conspiracy to obtain unauthorized access or that the evidence was sufficient to convict him of the charged crime, the Fifth Circuit correctly rejected his sufficiency challenge.”

Musacchio left Exel in 2004 to start his own shipping company, Total Transportation Services Inc., but a forensics firm hired by Exel hired discovered that Musacchio had accessed confidential information after he left, according to court filings.

Exel settled its civil claims against its ex-CEO for $10 million, but the federal government then indicted Musacchio in 2010, leading to a Texas federal jury’s guilty verdict against Musacchio three years later.

The jury convicted him on three counts under the CFAA, but part of its instructions stated that a conviction rested on proof that he made unauthorized access to Exel’s information “and” that he exceeded his authorized access.

Musacchio appealed to the Fifth Circuit, arguing that the government didn’t provide evidence sufficient to satisfy both prongs, but the court of appeals affirmed, stating that the substitution of “and” for “or” was an “obvious clerical error.”

After the Supreme Court agreed in June to review the Fifth Circuit’s decision, Musacchio said the jurors didn’t know the instructions they received were wrong and convicted him without enough proof to meet the standard they believed to be correct.

On Monday, the Supreme Court also rejected Musacchio’s attempt to show that the government’s allegations were barred by a five-year statute of limitations, finding that he could not raise that defense for the first time on appeal.

“When a defendant fails to press a limitations defense, the defense does not become part of the case and the Government does not otherwise have the burden of proving that it filed a timely indictment,” Justice Thomas wrote. “When a defendant does not press the defense, then, there is no error for an appellate court to correct—and certainly no plain error.”

And here's your Monday Moment of Zen:

Another PD Not Guilty

What a way to start the year for the FPD's office.  This one is out of West Palm and the lawyer was Peter Birch.  From Paula McMahon:

Jurors deliberated less than 10 hours over two days before finding a Palm Beach sheriff's corrections deputy not guilty of federal charges he violated jail inmates' rights and falsified a record to obstruct an FBI investigation.
William D. Wheeler, 46, was acquitted of three charges after a two-week trial in federal court in West Palm Beach.
"We are very grateful for the jury's verdict and Deputy Wheeler is very happy to put this behind him and hopefully get back to work at the Sheriff's Office as soon as possible," said Assistant Federal Public Defender Peter Birch, Wheeler's lawyer.
Phone messages left for Wheeler were not immediately returned.
Wheeler has been on administrative leave without pay since he was indicted in February. The corrections deputy was receiving a salary of $88,980 a year when he was removed from his position.
Wheeler was accused of using excessive force against two inmates, Joreel Sine and Jermaine Smith, in September and October 2013 while they were locked up in the Palm Beach Sheriff's jail system.
Smith, 22, is serving 10 years in state prison for carjacking, records show. Sine's whereabouts were unclear.Federal prosecutors did not call either of the inmates to testify in Wheeler's trial but security video of both incidents was shown to the jury, according to court records.
Wheeler testified in his defense that he used an appropriate level of force to prevent one inmate from spitting at him and that he did not cause the other inmate to bang his head against a door.

UPDATE -- I've been informed that the PDs also had two other wins this month: Bob Adler got a NG in a mortgage fraud case and Fletcher Peacock got one in a gun case.

"Worse than Death"

That's the name of this article about solitary confinement by Judge Alex Kozinski.  The intro:

For decades, lawyers and activists have questioned the constitutionality of our criminal justice system’s most severe punishments. Is lethal injection okay?1 What about a firing squad?2 How about life sentences for pirates3 or drug possessors4 or people who pass rubber checks?5 But we hear remarkably little about what may be the most severe punishment of all: solitary confinement. Lurking in the shadows of the conversation about inhumane punishments are some 100,000 souls who spend 23 hours a day alone in a cell the size of a parking space. In a world where making a rap video can earn you three years in the box,6 we should all be asking more questions about how prisoners get into solitary confinement, what “life” is like once they get there, and how they can get out.

The Liman Program’s Time-In-Cell Report begins this important conversation. The Report’s shuddersome findings confirm what I have long suspected: Solitary confinement is just as bad as the death penalty, if not worse.

There is a growing consensus that criminal justice reform is desperately needed.7 The difficult question is how best to allocate the scarce resources of lawyers, activists, and academics. I argue here that society should shift some resources and attention away from the death penalty and towards the problem of solitary confinement. If such a shift is not made, death penalty abolitionists may succeed in their campaign only to discover that they have won a Pyrrhic victory. Sending hardened criminals from death row to solitary confinement is no triumph. It merely swaps one type of death for another.

Meanwhile, the Washington Post has a piece about innocent people pleading guilty:

The presumption of innocence helps to combat prejudice and prejudging in the U.S. criminal justice system. But because plea bargains have supplanted trials in our criminal justice system, that presumption does not apply to most cases in the United States.
Prejudice against the accused is quite common. Consider your own experience: If you see that a police car has pulled a driver over to the side of a highway, what do you make of the situation? Most people probably think to themselves, “Hmm, that driver was probably caught speeding.” Similarly, if you heard that one of your neighbors had been arrested, you would likely say to yourself, “I wonder what crime he committed.” It is a common reaction to presume that the authorities had a good reason to detain or arrest someone.
To protect the innocent, however, the law demands that incriminating evidence be presented in court. The Constitution says every person accused of a crime has the right to an impartial jury trial. If the jury is persuaded that a person is guilty, then that person can lose his liberty and be punished. That is a sensible procedure for a just system, and it is why Americans have taken pride in our Bill of Rights.
Unfortunately, the system that is described by our school teachers and that Americans see on television and in the movies is now defunct. Jury trials are now rare events in the United States. In fact, about 95 percent of the cases moving through the system will not go to trial. The overwhelming majority of cases will be resolved by plea bargains.

 While the drumbeat of criminal justice reform is getting louder, many in the GOP are opposing commonsense measures.  

"How about the rest of us? Right-wingin', bitter-clingin', proud clingers of our guns, our God, and our religions and our Constitution. Tell us that we're not red enough? Yeah, coming from the establishment."

That was Sarah Palin yesterday endorsing The Donald.  There are so many good quotes.  More here.

Meantime, the Republicans are duking it out over sentencing reform.  Politico covers the story:

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell faces snowballing pressure to tackle an overhaul of the criminal justice system. But deep dissension within his own party — between pro-reform Republicans and law-and-order types — is threatening one of the few items on the congressional agenda with a real chance of becoming law this year.
Criminal justice legislation is backed by the two top vote-counters of each party in the Senate and a powerful right-left coalition. It was bolstered by a presidential shout-out in the State of the Union last week. Passing a bill would advance McConnell’s favorite narrative — that the Senate is working again.

But loosening some mandatory minimum sentences is still a toxic suggestion among a vocal segment of the GOP, criticism that the presidential primary could amplify. Some backers of the bill fret that Sen. Ted Cruz, who’s vaulted into the top tier in the GOP presidential primary, might seize on the issue ahead of the Iowa caucuses. The Texas Republican has warned that a bill pending in the Senate could release violent criminals into the streets.
Still, backers are pressing ahead. Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas), McConnell’s top deputy, has lobbied the majority leader to take up the proposal early this year. Backers say the Senate has to move on criminal justice reform quickly, perhaps as soon as next month, for the measure to have any hope of reaching President Barack Obama’s desk.

3-0

That's the defense record in Chinese importation trials. The latest was by AFPDs Sowmya Bharathi and Bunmi Lomax before Judge Seitz. There was also another January not guilty casting shade on Rumpole's "no-trials-in-January" mandate. Bottom line -- we need more trials! 

Read more here: http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article54763750.html?ppRandom=0.12800472962753218&pp_u=EpszNZmQZ2sGUh1MEMIQCA#storylink=cpy